Decorators — Python: Functions

Imagine you wanted to be able to print all the results from calling a function.

However, you do not want to modify it but get a universal tool suitable for use with any functions instead. Let us implement such a function, which we will use a higher-order function for:

def printing(function):
    def inner(*args, **kwargs):
        result = function(*args, **kwargs)
        print('result =', result)
        return result
    return inner

def add_one(x):
    return x + 1

add_one = printing(add_one)
y = add_one(10)
# => result = 11
y
# 11

First, let us deal with the printing function. This function creates an inner closure that: